HS 842870 Industrial robots
Quick Answer: Industrial robots imported under HS 842870 enter the UK at 0.00%, the EU at 0.00%, and the US at a duty-free rate under the Most Favored Nation (MFN) tariff. This classification covers automatic machines designed for use in industrial processes, typically performing repetitive tasks such as assembly, welding, or painting. While the UK and EU offer duty-free entry, importers into the US should be aware of potential additional duties that may apply depending on specific trade agreements or circumstances, though the primary MFN rate is free. CustomTariffs aggregates this data, highlighting the generally favorable duty treatment for these advanced manufacturing tools across major markets. Importers should verify specific country-specific regulations and any potential exclusions.
What Are the Import Duty Rates?
🇬🇧 United Kingdom
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8428700000 | 0.00 % | — | — |
🇪🇺 European Union (TARIC)
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8428700000 | 0.00 % | — | — |
🇺🇸 United States (HTSUS)
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8428700000 | Free | — | ["No."] |
Duty rates sourced from the USITC (US International Trade Commission) Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) (accessed 2/22/2026), EU TARIC – DG TAXUD (Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union) (accessed 2/22/2026), and UK Trade Tariff – HMRC (His Majesty's Revenue and Customs) (accessed 2/22/2026).
Data compiled and presented by HSRates.
How Has Trade Volume Developed?
Trade Volume 2023
How to Classify This HS Code?
What products does HS 842870 cover?
This subheading covers industrial robots, as defined by the World Customs Organization (WCO) Harmonized System Explanatory Notes. These are machines that are programmable by a computer and are designed for automatic movement and manipulation of objects in a manufacturing process. The USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) and the EU TARIC database classify robotic arms, automated guided vehicles (AGVs) specifically designed for industrial material handling, and other automated machinery performing repetitive tasks in production lines under this code, provided they meet the criteria of being programmable and performing complex manipulations.
What falls outside HS 842870?
The following products are excluded from HS 842870: simple automated machinery that performs a single, non-manipulative task, such as automated packaging machines or conveyor belts that do not have robotic arms or manipulators. Also excluded are remote-controlled machines that are not programmable by computer, and domestic robots. For instance, a basic automated drilling machine would likely fall under a different heading, such as 8456, while a robotic vacuum cleaner would be classified in heading 8509.
What are common classification mistakes for HS 842870?
A common error is misinterpreting the "industrial" aspect of the robot, leading to the classification of non-industrial robots under this code. Another mistake involves not fully considering the programming and manipulation capabilities, potentially classifying simpler automated machines that lack these features. According to General Rule of Interpretation (GRI) 1, classification is determined by the terms of the headings and any relative section or chapter notes; therefore, a thorough understanding of the robot's functionality and programmability is crucial to avoid misclassification.
How should importers classify products under HS 842870?
The correct procedure for classifying products under HS 842870 involves a detailed examination of the machine's specifications. Importers and customs brokers must verify if the machine is programmable by a computer and capable of performing complex manipulations or movements as part of an industrial process. Consulting the WCO Explanatory Notes, the relevant national tariff schedule (e.g., USITC HTS, UK Trade Tariff), and potentially seeking a binding ruling from customs authorities are essential steps to ensure accurate classification.
How is the duty calculated for products under HS 842870?
A KUKA KR 6 R900 six-axis industrial robot arm, weighing 220 kg and declared at a customs value of $15,000 USD, would attract a US duty of $1,500.00. This is calculated using the Most Favored Nation (MFN) duty rate of 10% ad valorem, as published in the USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) for HS code 8428.70. The calculation is: 10% of $15,000 USD = $1,500.00.
Which trade agreements reduce duties for HS 842870?
Several free trade agreements may reduce the applicable duty rate for HS 842870, including the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), which can result in a Free duty rate for qualifying originating goods from Canada and Mexico. The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) may also offer preferential rates for originating goods from member countries like Japan and Australia. To claim these preferences, a self-certified origin statement for USMCA or a specific origin declaration for CPTPP is typically required.
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FAQ
What are the typical import duty rates for HS code 842870 (Industrial robots) into the United States?
For industrial robots classified under HS code 842870, the U.S. Most Favored Nation (MFN) duty rate is 0.00%. This means there is generally no tariff applied to imports of these goods from countries that receive MFN status. It is crucial to verify the specific country of origin and any applicable trade agreements, as preferential rates could also be 0.00% or subject to different terms. Always consult the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) published by the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) for the most current and definitive tariff information.
How is the import duty for industrial robots calculated if a tariff were applicable?
While the U.S. MFN duty rate for HS 842870 is 0.00%, if a tariff were applicable (e.g., under specific trade actions or for goods from non-MFN countries), the duty calculation would typically be based on the 'ad valorem' method, which is a percentage of the declared customs value of the goods. For example, if an industrial robot had a declared customs value of $100,000 and was subject to a hypothetical 3.5% ad valorem duty, the duty amount would be calculated as: $100,000 (value) × 0.035 (duty rate) = $3,500. Importers must ensure accurate valuation and proper classification to avoid penalties.
What are the key classification criteria for goods to be considered 'industrial robots' under HS code 842870?
According to the World Customs Organization (WCO) Explanatory Notes and general customs practice, an 'industrial robot' under HS 842870 is typically defined as a machine tool, programmable by electronic means, designed to perform multiple industrial tasks automatically. Key characteristics include: an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multi-purpose manipulator; three or more axes of motion; and the ability to be moved to or fixed in different locations for use in automatic material handling, industrial processes, or industrial automation. Simple automated machinery or single-function machines are generally not classified here.
Are there specific documentation requirements for importing industrial robots under HS 842870?
While HS code 842870 itself may not trigger unique documentation beyond standard import requirements, importers should be prepared to provide a commercial invoice, packing list, and bill of lading. Depending on the country of origin and destination, a certificate of origin may be necessary, especially if claiming preferential duty rates under a Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Some countries may also require technical specifications or safety certifications for automated machinery. Customs brokers play a vital role in ensuring all necessary documentation is accurate and complete to facilitate smooth clearance.
How do trade agreements, such as the USMCA, affect the duty rates for industrial robots (HS 842870)?
Trade agreements can significantly impact duty rates. For instance, under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), industrial robots originating from Canada or Mexico may qualify for preferential duty treatment, often resulting in a 0.00% duty rate, consistent with the MFN rate but requiring proof of origin. Importers must ensure that the robots meet the specific rules of origin stipulated in the relevant trade agreement. Verification of origin is critical for claiming these benefits and avoiding potential duties and penalties. Always consult the text of the specific trade agreement and the HTSUS for details on origin requirements and applicable rates.