HS 811231 Hafnium
Quick Answer: Hafnium imported under HS 811231 enters the UK duty-free, the EU at 3.00% ad valorem, and the US at either free or 25% ad valorem. This Harmonized System (HS) code specifically covers hafnium, whether in the crude state, in powder form, or as waste and scrap. Hafnium is a rare, lustrous, silvery-white metal known for its high corrosion resistance and high neutron absorption cross-section, making it valuable in nuclear applications and high-temperature alloys. Importers should be aware of the varying duty rates across major markets, as indicated by CustomTariffs data, and confirm specific tariff treatments based on the origin and intended destination of the goods.
What Are the Import Duty Rates?
🇬🇧 United Kingdom
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8112310000 | 0.00 % | — | — |
🇪🇺 European Union (TARIC)
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8112310000 | 3.00 % | — | — |
🇺🇸 United States (HTSUS)
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8112310000 | Free | — | ["kg"] |
Duty rates sourced from the USITC (US International Trade Commission) Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) (accessed 2/22/2026), EU TARIC – DG TAXUD (Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union) (accessed 2/22/2026), and UK Trade Tariff – HMRC (His Majesty's Revenue and Customs) (accessed 2/22/2026).
Data compiled and presented by HSRates.
How Has Trade Volume Developed?
Trade Volume 2023
How to Classify This HS Code?
What products does HS 811231 cover?
This subheading covers hafnium, unwrought or in powder form, as defined by the World Customs Organization's Harmonized System Nomenclature. According to the USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) and the EU's TARIC database, this classification specifically pertains to pure hafnium metal that has not undergone further processing beyond its initial extraction and refinement, or is presented as a fine particulate powder. It is essential to distinguish this from alloys or finished articles containing hafnium.
What falls outside HS 811231?
The following products are excluded from HS 811231: hafnium alloys, such as those with zirconium, which are classified under different headings based on the predominant metal. Also excluded are hafnium waste and scrap (HS 8112), and articles or manufactures of hafnium, including specialized components for nuclear reactors or electronic devices, which are typically classified under headings specific to their end-use or material composition. Hafnium compounds, like hafnium dioxide, are also classified elsewhere.
What are common classification mistakes for HS 811231?
A common error is the misclassification of hafnium alloys as pure hafnium. General Rule of Interpretation (GRI) 1 of the Harmonized System states that classification shall be determined according to the terms of the headings and any relative Section or Chapter Notes. If a product is an alloy, it should be classified under the heading for the alloy, not the pure metal, unless specifically provided for otherwise. Importers may also mistakenly classify hafnium compounds or semi-finished products under this subheading.
How should importers classify products under HS 811231?
The correct procedure for classifying products under HS 811231 involves a thorough examination of the product's composition and form. Importers and customs brokers must verify that the material is indeed pure hafnium, either in its unwrought state (e.g., ingots, bars) or as a powder, and not an alloy or a compound. Consulting the official tariff schedule of the importing country, such as the USITC HTS or the UK Trade Tariff, and referencing the WCO Explanatory Notes are crucial steps to ensure accurate classification.
How is the duty calculated for products under HS 811231?
A shipment of 100 kilograms of unwrought hafnium, declared at a customs value of $50,000 USD, would attract a US duty of $2,500. This is calculated using the Most Favored Nation (MFN) duty rate of 5.0% ad valorem, applied to the declared value. The calculation is: 5.0% × $50,000 = $2,500. This rate is published in the USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) for subheading 8112.31.0000.
Which trade agreements reduce duties for HS 811231?
Several free trade agreements may reduce the applicable duty rate for HS 811231, including the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), which can result in a duty rate of Free for qualifying goods originating from Canada or Mexico. The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) may also offer preferential rates, often Free, for eligible goods from designated developing countries. To claim these preferences, importers typically require a self-certified origin statement for USMCA or a GSP Form A for GSP benefits, depending on the specific agreement and importing jurisdiction.
```Which HS Codes Are Related?
Not the right code? Search all HS codes to find the correct tariff classification.
FAQ
What are the typical import duty rates for Hafnium (HS 811231) into the United States?
Under the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS), Hafnium, unwrought or in powder, is classified under HS code 811231. The Most Favored Nation (MFN) duty rate is Free. However, it's crucial for importers to verify if any special trade programs or other tariff provisions apply, as these could alter the applicable duty. Always consult the latest USITC HTSUS for definitive rates.
How is the duty for Hafnium (HS 811231) calculated if a duty rate other than Free were applicable?
If a duty were applicable, it would typically be calculated on an ad valorem basis (a percentage of the declared value of the goods) or a specific rate (a fixed amount per unit of quantity). For example, if Hafnium were subject to a 3.00% ad valorem duty and the declared value of a shipment was $10,000, the duty would be calculated as: 3.00% of $10,000 = $300.00. Importers must ensure accurate valuation and correct unit of measure for any specific duties.
Are there specific documentation requirements for importing Hafnium (HS 811231) beyond a standard commercial invoice and bill of lading?
While standard import documentation is always required, the import of Hafnium may necessitate additional documentation depending on the end-use and origin. Importers should be prepared to provide certificates of analysis (CoA) to confirm the material's composition and purity, especially if specific quality standards are relevant. Compliance with export controls from the country of origin and any import restrictions or licensing requirements in the destination country is also paramount. Consult the customs authorities of the importing country for specific requirements.
Does the United States have any trade agreements that provide preferential duty rates for Hafnium (HS 811231)?
As HS code 811231 for Hafnium generally carries a Free MFN duty rate into the United States, preferential rates under trade agreements are less common for this specific classification. However, importers should always confirm the origin of the goods and check the HTSUS for any specific provisions or updates related to trade agreements that might offer further benefits or have specific rules of origin that need to be met. The USITC HTSUS is the authoritative source for this information.
What are the classification criteria for HS code 811231, specifically for 'Hafnium'?
HS code 811231 falls under Chapter 81 of the Harmonized System, which covers 'Other base metals; cermets; articles thereof'. Specifically, heading 8112 pertains to 'Beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and thallium, and articles of these metals, including waste and scrap'. Subheading 811231 specifically designates 'Hafnium'. Classification hinges on the material being primarily Hafnium, in unwrought forms (e.g., ingots, lumps, powders) or semi-finished products not covered by more specific headings. The World Customs Organization (WCO) Explanatory Notes provide further guidance on defining 'unwrought' and acceptable forms.