HS 720293 Ferro-niobium
Quick Answer: Ferro-niobium imported under HS 720293 enters the UK at 0.00%, the EU at 0.00%, and the US at rates ranging from 5% to 25% or duty-free for specific trade partners. This classification covers ferroalloys containing 50% or more by weight of niobium, used primarily in steelmaking to improve strength and corrosion resistance. Importers should be aware of the significant duty rate variations across major markets, particularly the preferential duty-free access available to certain US trading partners. According to CustomTariffs data, understanding these jurisdictional differences is crucial for accurate landed cost calculations and compliance.
What Are the Import Duty Rates?
🇬🇧 United Kingdom
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7202930000 | 0.00 % | — | — |
🇪🇺 European Union (TARIC)
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7202930000 | 0.00 % | — | — |
🇺🇸 United States (HTSUS)
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7202934000 | 5% | Free (17 programs) | ["kg"] |
| 720293 | — | — | — |
| 7202938000 | 5% | Free (17 programs) | ["kg"] |
Special rates available under trade agreements including USMCA, KORUS, GSP.
Duty rates sourced from the USITC (US International Trade Commission) Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) (accessed 2/22/2026), EU TARIC – DG TAXUD (Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union) (accessed 2/22/2026), and UK Trade Tariff – HMRC (His Majesty's Revenue and Customs) (accessed 2/22/2026).
Data compiled and presented by HSRates.
Which Trade Agreements Reduce Duties for HS 7202.93?
Imports of Ferro-niobium may qualify for reduced or zero duty rates under free trade agreements and preferential programs. The overview below shows available preferential arrangements by jurisdiction, compiled by HSRates from official tariff and trade agreement data.
United States (HTSUS)
Free for USMCA, KORUS, and 16 other programs
European Union (TARIC)
Preferential rate data not yet available.
United Kingdom
Preferential rate data not yet available.
Preferential rates require proof of origin and may be subject to quotas or conditions. Always verify eligibility with a licensed customs broker.
Data compiled by HSRates.
Which Preferential Rates Apply to Your Origin Country?
Select an origin country to see if preferential rates apply.
Preferential rates based on available trade agreements. Actual rates may vary.
How Has Trade Volume Developed?
Trade Volume 2023
How to Classify This HS Code?
What products does HS 720293 cover?
This subheading covers ferro-niobium, a ferroalloy containing significant amounts of niobium (also known as columbium) and iron. According to the World Customs Organization's Harmonized System Nomenclature, Chapter 72, Heading 7202 specifically addresses ferro-alloys. Subheading 7202.93 further refines this to ferro-niobium, which is essential for enhancing the strength and toughness of steel. For instance, the USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) defines this category, and official EU TARIC classifications confirm its scope as a master alloy used in metallurgical processes.
What falls outside HS 720293?
The following products are excluded from HS 720293: pure niobium metal, niobium ores and concentrates (which are typically classified under Chapter 26), and niobium compounds not in the form of a ferroalloy. For example, niobium oxides or carbides, even if used in metallurgical applications, would fall under different HS codes. Master alloys of niobium with other metals besides iron, or alloys where iron is not the predominant metal by weight, would also be classified elsewhere, necessitating careful chemical analysis.
What are common classification mistakes for HS 720293?
A common error is misclassifying ferro-niobium based on its end-use rather than its composition. According to General Rule of Interpretation (GRI) 1, classification is determined by the terms of the headings and any relative section or chapter notes. Importers might mistakenly classify it under a finished steel product or a chemical compound if they do not adhere to the specific definition of a ferroalloy as a master alloy of iron. Ensuring the material meets the defined iron and niobium content thresholds is crucial.
How should importers classify products under HS 720293?
The correct procedure for classifying products under HS 720293 involves obtaining a detailed chemical analysis certificate from the manufacturer. This certificate should clearly state the percentage of niobium and iron, confirming it meets the definition of a ferroalloy. Importers and customs brokers must then consult the relevant national tariff schedule, such as the USITC HTS or the UK Trade Tariff, to verify the precise wording and any additional notes for this subheading, ensuring all compositional requirements are met.
How is the duty calculated for products under HS 720293?
A shipment of 10,000 kg of ferro-niobium, declared at a customs value of $150,000 USD, would attract a US duty of $15,000. This is calculated using the Most Favored Nation (MFN) rate of 10% ad valorem (10% × $150,000 USD = $15,000 USD). This calculation is based on the MFN rate published in the USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) for subheading 7202.93.0000, which applies to ferro-niobium.
Which trade agreements reduce duties for HS 720293?
Several free trade agreements may reduce the applicable duty rate for HS 720293, including the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), which can result in a duty rate of Free for originating goods from Canada and Mexico. The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) may also offer preferential rates for originating goods from participating countries like Australia. To claim these preferences, a valid origin declaration or certificate, such as a self-certified origin statement for USMCA, is typically required.
```Which HS Codes Are Related?
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FAQ
What are the import duty rates for Ferro-niobium (HS 720293) into the United States?
The U.S. Most Favored Nation (MFN) duty rate for Ferro-niobium (HS 720293) is 0.00%. However, it's crucial to check for any applicable trade agreements. For example, under the U.S.-Australia Free Trade Agreement, goods originating from Australia may be eligible for duty-free entry. Always consult the latest Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) published by the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) for the most current and specific tariff information, including any potential Section 232 tariffs or other trade remedies that might apply.
How is Ferro-niobium classified under HS code 720293, and what are the key defining characteristics?
Ferro-niobium is classified under HS code 720293 as a ferro-alloy of niobium. According to the World Customs Organization (WCO) Explanatory Notes, ferro-alloys are generally defined as alloys of iron with a high proportion of one or more other elements. For Ferro-niobium, this typically means an alloy containing significant amounts of niobium (columbium) and iron. The specific percentage of niobium and iron, as well as the presence of other alloying elements, are critical for correct classification. Importers should ensure their product meets the chemical composition specifications for this heading.
What documentation is typically required for importing Ferro-niobium (HS 720293) into the European Union?
When importing Ferro-niobium (HS 720293) into the European Union, standard customs documentation is required. This includes a commercial invoice, a packing list, and a bill of lading or air waybill. Crucially, an import declaration must be submitted. Depending on the origin of the goods and any applicable trade agreements (e.g., with countries like South Korea (KR) or Chile (CL)), a proof of origin, such as a EUR.1 movement certificate or an origin declaration on the invoice, may be necessary to claim preferential duty rates. Always refer to the EU's TARIC database for specific import requirements and duty rates applicable to the country of origin.
Can you provide an example of how import duty for Ferro-niobium is calculated?
The calculation of import duty depends on the specific duty rate applied. For instance, if Ferro-niobium (HS 720293) is imported into a country with a 5% ad valorem duty rate and the declared value of the shipment is $10,000 USD, the duty would be calculated as follows: Duty = Declared Value × Ad Valorem Rate. In this case, Duty = $10,000 × 5% = $500 USD. If the duty were a specific rate, such as per kilogram, the calculation would be Rate per kg × Net Weight in kg. Always verify the applicable duty rate and calculation method with the relevant customs authority or tariff schedule.
Which major trade agreements offer preferential duty rates for Ferro-niobium (HS 720293) into the UK?
The United Kingdom offers preferential duty rates for Ferro-niobium (HS 720293) under various Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). For example, goods originating from countries like Australia (AU), Chile (CL), or South Korea (KR) may benefit from reduced or zero duty rates under their respective FTAs with the UK. The UK Trade Tariff provides detailed information on these preferential rates and the conditions for claiming them, which typically require a valid proof of origin. Importers should consult the UK Trade Tariff and the specific FTA text to confirm eligibility and compliance requirements.