HS 291812 Tartaric acid
Quick Answer: HS code 291812 specifically covers Tartaric acid, a dicarboxylic acid widely used in food and beverage industries as an acidulant, antioxidant, and flavor enhancer, as well as in pharmaceuticals and industrial applications. Importers and exporters should note the varying duty rates across major jurisdictions: the UK applies a 6.00% ad valorem duty, the EU's TARIC system shows a 6.50% ad valorem rate, while the US offers a Free rate under the Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS), with a 17% Most Favored Nation (MFN) rate applicable if not eligible for preferential treatment. Accurate classification is crucial to leverage potential duty savings and ensure compliance.
What Are the Import Duty Rates?
🇬🇧 United Kingdom
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2918120000 | 6.00 % | — | — |
🇪🇺 European Union (TARIC)
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2918120000 | 6.50 % | — | — |
🇺🇸 United States (HTSUS)
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2918120000 | Free | — | ["kg"] |
Duty rates sourced from the USITC (US International Trade Commission) Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) (accessed 2/22/2026), EU TARIC – DG TAXUD (Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union) (accessed 2/22/2026), and UK Trade Tariff – HMRC (His Majesty's Revenue and Customs) (accessed 2/22/2026).
Data compiled and presented by HSRates.
How Has Trade Volume Developed?
How to Classify This HS Code?
What products does HS 291812 cover?
This subheading covers tartaric acid, specifically its salts and esters, as defined by the Harmonized System Nomenclature, Chapter 29, Heading 2918, which encompasses carboxylic acids with additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids, and their halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated, or nitrosated derivatives. Tartaric acid (2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid) is a white, crystalline organic acid found naturally in many plants, particularly grapes, and is widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications. The USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) and the EU TARIC system both align with the WCO's classification for this specific chemical compound, ensuring global consistency for pure tartaric acid.
What falls outside HS 291812?
The following products are excluded from HS 291812: preparations containing tartaric acid as an ingredient but not consisting solely or essentially of tartaric acid. For instance, food preparations where tartaric acid is merely an additive, such as baking powders (typically classified in Chapter 21), or pharmaceutical formulations where tartaric acid is a component of a mixture (often Chapter 30), would not fall under this subheading. Additionally, derivatives of tartaric acid that significantly alter its chemical structure beyond simple salts or esters, moving it into a different functional group, would be classified elsewhere within Chapter 29 or other relevant chapters based on their specific chemical identity and use. For example, complex polymers incorporating tartaric acid monomers would be classified under Chapter 39.
What are common classification mistakes for HS 291812?
A common error is misclassifying mixtures or preparations containing tartaric acid as pure tartaric acid under HS 291812. Importers often overlook General Interpretative Rule (GRI) 2(b), which states that mixtures or combinations of materials are classified according to the material or component which gives them their essential character, or by GRI 3(b) for goods put up in sets for retail sale. Another frequent mistake involves failing to distinguish between tartaric acid and other organic acids, such as citric acid (2918.15) or malic acid (2918.19), which, while also having an additional oxygen function, possess distinct chemical structures and are specifically enumerated elsewhere within Heading 2918. Careful chemical analysis and adherence to the specific nomenclature are crucial to avoid these errors.
How should importers classify products under HS 291812?
The correct procedure for classifying products under HS 291812 involves first confirming the chemical identity of the product as pure tartaric acid, its salts, or its esters, by reviewing the Certificate of Analysis (CoA) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS). Importers and customs brokers should apply General Interpretative Rule (GRI) 1, which dictates that classification is determined according to the terms of the headings and any relative section or chapter notes. Verify that the product is not a mixture or preparation where tartaric acid is merely an ingredient, which would necessitate applying GRI 3(b) or 3(c). Consult the WCO Explanatory Notes for Heading 2918 and specific national tariff schedules like the USITC HTS or EU TARIC for any additional legal notes or rulings pertinent to tartaric acid to ensure precise and compliant classification.
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FAQ
What is the Most Favored Nation (MFN) import duty rate for Tartaric Acid (HS 2918.12) in key markets?
The MFN import duty rate for Tartaric Acid (HS 2918.12) varies by importing country. For example, as of the latest USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule, the MFN (General) duty rate for 2918.12.00.00 in the United States is 3.5% ad valorem. In the European Union's TARIC, the MFN (Erga Omnes) duty rate for 2918 12 00 00 is 6.5% ad valorem. Importers should always consult the specific tariff schedule of the destination country for the most current and accurate rate.
Are there any preferential duty rates available for Tartaric Acid (HS 2918.12) under common trade agreements?
Yes, preferential duty rates, including 'Free' rates, are often available for Tartaric Acid (HS 2918.12) depending on the country of origin and the existence of a free trade agreement (FTA) or preferential trade program. For instance, imports into the United States from countries party to agreements like USMCA (Canada, Mexico), CAFTA-DR, or GSP-eligible countries may qualify for a 'Free' duty rate, provided all rules of origin are met and proper documentation (e.g., a certificate of origin) is submitted. Similarly, the EU has numerous FTAs (e.g., with Japan, Korea, UK) that could grant preferential rates. Importers should verify the specific agreement and its rules of origin to claim preferential treatment.
What are the key classification criteria for Tartaric Acid under HS 2918.12, and what are common misclassification pitfalls?
HS code 2918.12 specifically covers 'Tartaric acid, its salts and esters'. The primary classification criterion is the chemical identity of the substance as tartaric acid or its derivatives. Common pitfalls include misclassifying mixtures containing tartaric acid under this heading if the tartaric acid is not the predominant or characteristic component, or if it's part of a prepared foodstuff or pharmaceutical preparation (which would fall under different chapters). It's crucial that the product is chemically pure tartaric acid, its salts, or its esters, as defined by Chapter 29 notes. The WCO Explanatory Notes for Heading 29.18 provide further guidance on the scope of this classification, emphasizing that it covers carboxylic acids with additional oxygen function and their derivatives.
What documentation is typically required for importing Tartaric Acid (HS 2918.12)?
Standard import documentation for Tartaric Acid (HS 2918.12) generally includes a commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading or air waybill, and a certificate of origin (especially if claiming preferential duty rates). Depending on the destination country and end-use, additional documentation may be required. For instance, if it's intended for food or pharmaceutical use, a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) confirming purity and specifications, or compliance with specific food safety (e.g., FDA in the US) or chemical regulations (e.g., REACH in the EU) might be necessary. Importers should confirm all specific regulatory requirements with the relevant government agencies in the importing country prior to shipment.