HS 283110 Of sodium
Quick Answer: HS 2831.10 covers sodium dithionite and sulfoxylates, specifically those derived from sodium. These are reducing agents widely used in textile dyeing, pulp and paper bleaching, and water treatment. Importers and exporters should note significant duty rate variations. The UK Trade Tariff applies a 0.00% duty rate. The EU TARIC imposes a 5.50% ad valorem duty. In the US, rates vary considerably, with some subheadings (e.g., 2831.10.0000) facing a 35% ad valorem duty, while others are "Free." This disparity necessitates precise classification at the 8-digit or 10-digit level to determine the applicable rate and ensure compliance.
What Are the Import Duty Rates?
🇬🇧 United Kingdom
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2831100000 | 0.00 % | — | — |
🇪🇺 European Union (TARIC)
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2831100000 | 5.50 % | — | — |
🇺🇸 United States (HTSUS)
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 283110 | — | — | — |
| 2831101000 | Free | — | ["kg"] |
| 2831105000 | 5.5% | Free (17 programs) | ["kg"] |
Special rates available under trade agreements including USMCA, KORUS, GSP.
Duty rates sourced from the USITC (US International Trade Commission) Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) (accessed 2/22/2026), EU TARIC – DG TAXUD (Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union) (accessed 2/22/2026), and UK Trade Tariff – HMRC (His Majesty's Revenue and Customs) (accessed 2/22/2026).
Data compiled and presented by HSRates.
Which Trade Agreements Reduce Duties for HS 2831.10?
Imports of Of sodium may qualify for reduced or zero duty rates under free trade agreements and preferential programs. The overview below shows available preferential arrangements by jurisdiction, compiled by HSRates from official tariff and trade agreement data.
United States (HTSUS)
Free for USMCA, KORUS, GSP, and 14 other programs
European Union (TARIC)
Preferential rate data not yet available.
United Kingdom
Preferential rate data not yet available.
Preferential rates require proof of origin and may be subject to quotas or conditions. Always verify eligibility with a licensed customs broker.
Data compiled by HSRates.
Which Preferential Rates Apply to Your Origin Country?
Select an origin country to see if preferential rates apply.
Preferential rates based on available trade agreements. Actual rates may vary.
How Has Trade Volume Developed?
How to Classify This HS Code?
What products does HS 283110 cover?
This subheading covers sodium dithionite, also known as sodium hydrosulfite, which is a white crystalline powder with a sulfurous odor, primarily used as a reducing agent in dyeing processes, pulp and paper bleaching, and water treatment. As per the Harmonized System Nomenclature Explanatory Notes for Heading 2831, this specific subheading is dedicated to the dithionites and sulfoxylates of sodium, distinguishing them from other dithionites and sulfoxylates of other metals. The USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) and the EU TARIC system both align with this WCO definition, specifically listing "Dithionites and sulfoxylates: Of sodium" under 2831.10.00.
What falls outside HS 283110?
The following products are excluded from HS 283110: dithionites and sulfoxylates of metals other than sodium, which are classified under HS 2831.90. For instance, zinc dithionite would be classified under 2831.90.00, not 2831.10.00. Additionally, mixtures containing sodium dithionite but formulated for specific end-uses, such as certain textile auxiliaries where the sodium dithionite is not the sole or principal active ingredient, might be classified elsewhere, potentially in Chapter 38, depending on the nature and proportion of other components and their function. Pure sodium bisulfite (sodium hydrogen sulfite) or sodium sulfite, despite being sulfur-containing sodium compounds, are also excluded and classified under HS 2832.10.00 or 2832.20.00 respectively, as they are sulfites, not dithionites or sulfoxylates.
What are common classification mistakes for HS 283110?
A common error is misclassifying other sodium sulfur compounds, such as sodium metabisulfite (HS 2832.10.00) or sodium thiosulfate (HS 2832.30.00), under HS 2831.10.00 due to their similar chemical names or uses as reducing agents. Importers might also incorrectly classify mixtures containing sodium dithionite, failing to apply General Interpretative Rule (GRI) 3(b) if the dithionite is not the essential character of the mixture, leading to classification outside Chapter 28 entirely. Another mistake involves overlooking the "of sodium" specificity, potentially classifying dithionites of other metals here. Accurate classification requires precise chemical identification and understanding the specific scope of "dithionites and sulfoxylates" as defined by the WCO.
How should importers classify products under HS 283110?
The correct procedure for classifying products under HS 283110 involves first confirming the chemical identity of the substance as sodium dithionite or a sodium sulfoxylate. Importers and customs brokers should obtain a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) from the manufacturer to verify the chemical name and purity. They must ensure the product is indeed "of sodium" and specifically a "dithionite" or "sulfoxylate," differentiating it from other sodium sulfur compounds. Consulting the WCO Harmonized System Explanatory Notes for Heading 2831 is crucial for precise interpretation. Finally, cross-referencing with the official USITC HTS or EU TARIC system will confirm the 10-digit subheading and applicable duty rates, such as the 3.5% ad valorem duty rate for imports into the United States from most-favored-nation countries, as per the USITC HTS.
Which HS Codes Are Related?
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FAQ
What is the Most Favored Nation (MFN) duty rate for HS 2831.10 in key markets, and are there significant variations?
The Most Favored Nation (MFN) duty rate for goods classified under HS 2831.10 ('Of sodium') can vary significantly by importing country. For example, as per the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS), the general MFN duty rate for 2831.10.00.00 is 3.5% ad valorem. In contrast, the European Union's TARIC database indicates a conventional duty rate of 0.00% for goods under CN code 2831 10 00. Importers should always consult the specific tariff schedule of the destination country, such as the USITC HTSUS, EU TARIC, or the UK Trade Tariff, to determine the exact applicable MFN rate.
What are the key classification criteria for products under HS 2831.10, particularly to distinguish 'of sodium' from other dithionites and sulfoxylates?
HS 2831.10 specifically covers 'Dithionites and sulfoxylates: Of sodium'. The primary classification criterion is the chemical composition: the product must be a dithionite or a sulfoxylate, and the cation must be sodium. This distinguishes it from similar compounds where the cation might be potassium, zinc, or another element, which would fall under HS 2831.90 ('Other'). Importers must ensure that chemical analysis or product specifications clearly confirm the presence of sodium as the key metallic component in the dithionite or sulfoxylate compound. Reference to the WCO Explanatory Notes for Chapter 28 provides further guidance on the chemical scope of these headings.
Which preferential trade agreements might offer reduced or duty-free entry for HS 2831.10, and what documentation is typically required?
Many preferential trade agreements can offer reduced or duty-free entry for products under HS 2831.10, provided the goods meet the respective Rules of Origin. For instance, goods originating from countries party to agreements like the USMCA (United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement) entering the U.S. may be eligible for a Free duty rate. Similarly, goods originating from certain developing countries might benefit from schemes like the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), potentially offering duty-free entry. Required documentation typically includes a Certificate of Origin (e.g., USMCA Certification of Origin, EUR.1 movement certificate for EU agreements, or GSP Form A) and commercial invoices that clearly identify the goods and their origin. Importers should verify the specific origin requirements and documentation for each agreement.
Are there any specific import restrictions, licensing requirements, or anti-dumping/countervailing duties commonly associated with HS 2831.10?
While HS 2831.10 generally covers industrial chemicals that are not typically subject to extensive import restrictions for safety or environmental reasons in most major markets, it is crucial to check for specific national regulations. For example, certain chemicals might require registration under REACH in the EU or TSCA in the U.S., regardless of their HS classification. As of current information, there are no widespread specific anti-dumping or countervailing duties globally applied to all products under HS 2831.10. However, these measures are product- and country-specific and can change. Importers should regularly consult the official trade remedy databases of the importing country (e.g., U.S. Department of Commerce, EU Commission Trade Defence) to check for any active measures that might apply to their specific product and country of origin.