HS 251120 Natural barium carbonate (witherite)
Quick Answer: HS Code 251120 specifically covers natural barium carbonate, commonly known as witherite. This mineral is a naturally occurring form of barium carbonate, distinct from synthetic varieties. It is primarily used in the chemical industry, particularly in the production of other barium compounds, as a flux in ceramics, and in certain types of glass manufacturing. For importers and exporters, understanding the duty rates is crucial. The United Kingdom and the European Union both apply a 0.00% ad valorem duty rate to products classified under 251120. In contrast, the United States has a more varied approach, with a General duty rate of 30% ad valorem, but also offers a "Free" rate under certain preferential trade agreements or programs. Importers should verify eligibility for these preferential rates to optimize costs.
What Are the Import Duty Rates?
🇬🇧 United Kingdom
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2511200000 | 0.00 % | — | — |
🇪🇺 European Union (TARIC)
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2511200000 | 0.00 % | — | — |
🇺🇸 United States (HTSUS)
| Code | MFN | Preferential | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2511200000 | Free | — | ["kg"] |
Duty rates sourced from the USITC (US International Trade Commission) Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) (accessed 2/22/2026), EU TARIC – DG TAXUD (Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union) (accessed 2/22/2026), and UK Trade Tariff – HMRC (His Majesty's Revenue and Customs) (accessed 2/22/2026).
Data compiled and presented by HSRates.
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How to Classify This HS Code?
What products does HS 251120 cover?
This subheading covers natural barium carbonate, specifically known as witherite, which is a naturally occurring mineral composed of barium carbonate (BaCO3). It is distinct from chemically manufactured barium carbonate. The WCO Harmonized System Explanatory Notes for Heading 2511 clarify that this heading covers natural barium sulfate (barytes) and natural barium carbonate (witherite) as they are extracted directly from the earth. The USITC Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTSUS) and the EU TARIC system both align with this definition, specifying "Natural barium carbonate (witherite)" under subheading 2511.20. This classification applies to the mineral in its crude, unground, or ground form, provided it has not undergone further processing that would alter its fundamental character as a natural mineral.
What falls outside HS 251120?
The following products are excluded from HS 251120: chemically pure barium carbonate, which is a manufactured product and typically falls under Chapter 28, specifically subheading 2836.60. Additionally, barium carbonate that has been processed beyond simple grinding, such as calcined barium carbonate or synthetic barium carbonate, would also be excluded. Barium sulfate (barytes), although also a natural barium mineral and covered under Heading 2511, is specifically classified under subheading 2511.10, not 2511.20. Products containing witherite but incorporated into mixtures or preparations where witherite is not the predominant component or essential character would also be classified elsewhere, often in Chapters 32 or 38 depending on their composition and use.
What are common classification mistakes for HS 251120?
A common error is misclassifying synthetic or chemically pure barium carbonate under HS 251120, which is strictly reserved for the natural mineral witherite. Importers sometimes overlook the "natural" qualifier, leading to incorrect classification of manufactured chemicals. Another mistake involves confusing witherite with barytes (natural barium sulfate), which, despite being under the same Heading 2511, has its own specific subheading 2511.10. Applying General Interpretative Rule (GRI) 1, the terms of the headings and any relative section or chapter notes must be considered first. For 251120, the explicit description "Natural barium carbonate (witherite)" is paramount, meaning any non-natural form or different barium compound is definitively excluded, often leading to classification in Chapter 28 for chemical products.
How should importers classify products under HS 251120?
The correct procedure for classifying products under HS 251120 involves verifying that the product is indeed natural barium carbonate (witherite) and not a synthetic or chemically manufactured variant. Importers and customs brokers should obtain a certificate of analysis or a declaration from the supplier confirming the natural origin of the barium carbonate. It is crucial to ensure the product has not undergone significant chemical processing beyond simple physical treatments like crushing, grinding, or washing, which are generally permissible for natural minerals within Chapter 25. Consulting the WCO Explanatory Notes for Heading 2511, along with the specific national tariff schedules (e.g., HTSUS, EU TARIC, UK Trade Tariff), will provide definitive guidance and ensure compliance with the "natural" requirement, preventing misclassification and potential penalties.
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FAQ
What is the Most Favored Nation (MFN) import duty rate for Natural Barium Carbonate (Witherite) under HS code 2511.20 in key markets?
The MFN (Most Favored Nation) import duty rates for HS code 2511.20, 'Natural barium carbonate (witherite),' vary by country. For example, the United States generally applies a duty rate of 0.00% ad valorem, as per the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS). Similarly, the European Union's TARIC database indicates a conventional duty rate of 0.00% ad valorem for imports from MFN countries. However, some countries may apply different rates; for instance, certain developing nations might have higher MFN rates, potentially up to 30% ad valorem, to protect domestic industries or for revenue purposes. Importers should always verify the specific MFN rate applicable in the destination country via their national customs tariff database (e.g., USITC HTSUS, EU TARIC, UK Trade Tariff).
Are there any preferential duty rates available for Natural Barium Carbonate (Witherite) under HS 2511.20 through free trade agreements or special programs?
Yes, preferential duty rates, often 'Free' (0.00% ad valorem), are frequently available for HS 2511.20 under various free trade agreements (FTAs) or Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) programs. For instance, imports into the U.S. from countries party to agreements like USMCA (United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement), CAFTA-DR (Dominican Republic-Central America FTA), or those eligible under GSP, may qualify for duty-free treatment, provided the rules of origin are met. Similarly, the EU offers preferential tariffs under agreements with numerous countries (e.g., EU-Japan EPA, EU-Korea FTA) and through its GSP scheme. Importers must ensure they have the correct origin documentation, such as a Certificate of Origin (e.g., Form A for GSP, specific FTA certificates), to claim these preferential rates. Consult the specific trade agreement's text and the importing country's customs regulations for detailed requirements.
What are the key classification criteria for ensuring a product is correctly classified as Natural Barium Carbonate (Witherite) under HS 2511.20?
Correct classification under HS 2511.20 hinges on two primary criteria: the chemical composition and its natural origin. The product must be predominantly barium carbonate (BaCO3) and must be in its natural mineral form, known as witherite. This distinguishes it from synthetic or precipitated barium carbonate, which would be classified elsewhere, typically under Chapter 28 (Inorganic chemicals). The WCO Explanatory Notes for Chapter 25 clarify that this heading covers minerals in their natural state, even if crushed, ground, or powdered, but not if they have undergone processes that alter their fundamental character as natural minerals. Importers should be prepared to provide analytical reports or certificates of analysis confirming the chemical composition and natural origin if requested by customs authorities.
What specific documentation is typically required for importing Natural Barium Carbonate (Witherite) under HS 2511.20?
Standard import documentation for HS 2511.20 includes a commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading or air waybill, and potentially a customs value declaration. To claim preferential duty rates, a valid Certificate of Origin (e.g., GSP Form A, FTA-specific certificate) is essential. While barium carbonate is not typically subject to extensive import restrictions, some countries may require a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for chemical products to ensure compliance with occupational safety and environmental regulations. Furthermore, if the product is intended for specific uses (e.g., certain industrial applications), additional permits or declarations might be necessary depending on the destination country's regulations. It is crucial for importers to consult with their customs broker and the relevant government agencies in the importing country to confirm all specific documentation requirements prior to shipment.